2024年12月にユネスコ無形文化遺産「伝統的酒造り」が登録され、
その酒造りにおいて造られる泡盛、日本酒、焼酎、本みりん。
その「伝統的酒造り」について少しご紹介します。
「伝統的酒造り」とは
酒造りは古くから日本に根差してきた食文化のひとつです。
500年以上前に原型が確立した「伝統的酒造り」のわざは、麹(※1)の使用という共通の特色を持ちながら、日本各地においてそれぞれの気候風土に応じて発展し、日本酒、焼酎、 泡盛、みりんなどの製造に受け継がれてきました。
(※1)米や麦などの穀物に麹(こうじ)菌(カビの一種)を生やしたもので、原料のデンプンを糖分に変える働きを持ちます。
文化庁「文化遺産オンライン」より原文転載
この伝統的な酒造りとして、ポイントと挙げられるのが下記3点です。
① 原料の米や麦を蒸す
② 蒸した米や麦にこうじ菌を生やして麹を作る
③ もろみの発酵
お酒造りは、原料が糖化(穀物などに含まれるデンプンを糖に分解)し、酵母によるアルコール発酵(醸造)することにより、お酒になります。
その工程で飲まれるお酒は醸造酒と呼ばれ、ビール、ワイン、日本酒などです。
伝統的な酒造りは、醸造の段階である上記①~③の工程となり、日本古来の独自の製造技術になります。
②の麹は、日本酒の黄麹菌であり、焼酎の白麹菌(※2)、そして泡盛の黒麹菌となります。これら麹菌は、日本の国の菌「國菌」に認定されており、麹菌を使った糖化・発酵は、世界に無い日本独自の技術となります。
(※2)日本酒、焼酎は麹菌の種類は限定されませんが、泡盛は「黒麹菌」を使うことが定義となっています。
その醸造したものを蒸留(液体を加熱して気体にし、その気体を冷却して再び液体に戻すことで、特定の成分を分離する技術)することで、アルコール度数が高くなります。そのお酒を蒸留酒といいます。泡盛と焼酎は、ジン、ラム、ウォッカ、テキーラ、ウイスキーと同じ蒸留酒です。
泡盛に関しては、約600年前には存在していたと文献などから推測されており、日本最古の蒸留酒「Japan's First Spirit」です。
世界に誇るKoji Spirits。ぜひご堪能ください。
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In December 2024, the Traditional knowledge and skills of sake-making with koji mold in Japan was inscribed on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage list.
This recognition includes the production of Awamori, sake, shochu, and hon mirin, all crafted using these traditional methods.
Here, we would like to introduce you to the essence of this Traditional knowledge and skills of sake-making with koji mold in Japan.
What is "Traditional knowledge and skills of sake-making with koji mold in Japan"?
The making of alcoholic beverages has long been deeply rooted in Japan’s culinary culture.
The Traditional knowledge and skills of sake-making with koji mold in Japan, which took form over 500 years ago, share the common feature of using koji (Note 1).
While rooted in this shared practice, the techniques have evolved uniquely in regions across Japan, adapting to each area’s climate and natural conditions, and have been passed down through generations in the production of sake, shochu, awamori, and mirin.
(Note 1) Koji refers to grains such as rice or barley inoculated with koji mold (a type of fungus), which converts the starch in the raw materials into sugars.
Source: Agency for Cultural Affairs,Government of Japan "Cultural Heritage Online"
Key Features of Traditional Brewing Methods
Three key steps define this traditional process.
1. Steaming the raw rice or barley.
2. Cultivating koji mold on the steamed grains to create koji.
3. Fermentation of the moromi mash.
In the production of brewed alcoholic beverages, the starch in the raw materials is saccharified (converted into sugars), and then yeast carries out alcoholic fermentation (brewing), producing brewed alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and sake.
The process described above in steps 1 to 3 represents the brewing phase in the Traditional knowledge and skills of sake-making with koji mold in Japan, which is a uniquely Japanese brewing technology developed over centuries.
In step 2, the type of koji mold used differs: yellow koji mold for sake, white koji mold for shochu (Note 2), and black koji mold for awamori.
These molds have been designated as Japan’s "national fungi" (Kokkin), and the saccharification and fermentation processes using koji mold are a brewing technology unique to Japan, found nowhere else in the world.
(Note 2) While the type of koji mold used in sake and shochu is not strictly limited, awamori is defined specifically by the use of black koji mold.
When the brewed mash is distilled—a technique that heats the liquid to become vapor and then cools it back into liquid to separate specific components—the result is a beverage with higher alcohol content, called a distilled spirit.
Awamori and shochu are distilled spirits, like gin, rum, vodka, tequila, and whisky.
Awamori is believed, based on historical documents, to have existed around 600 years ago, making it Japan's First Spirit, the oldest distilled spirit in the country.
We proudly present Koji Spirits, a world-class symbol of Japan’s heritage.
We invite you to enjoy and savor their rich legacy and distinctive character.